Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Definition

Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a disease that involves purple spots on the skin, joint pain, gastrointestinal problems, and glomerulonephritis (a type of kidney disorder).

Alternative Names

Anaphylactoid purpura; Vascular purpura

Causes

Henoch-Schonlein is caused by an abnormal response of the immune system. It is unclear why this occurs.

The syndrome is usually seen in children, but it may affect people of any age. It is more common in boys than in girls. Many people with Henoch-Schonlein purpura had an upper respiratory illness in the weeks before.

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain
• Joint pain
• Purple spots on the skin (purpura), usually over the buttocks, lower legs, and elbows
• Bloody stools
• Hives or angioedema
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Painful menstruation
• Vomiting

Exams and Tests

The doctor will examine your body and look at your skin. The physical exam will reveal skin sores (lesions) and joint tenderness.

Tests may include:

• Skin biopsy
• Urinalysis

Treatment

There is no specific treatment. Most cases go away on their own without treatment. If symptoms persist, your doctor may recommend therapy with corticosteroids such as prednisone.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The disease usually gets better on its own without treatment.

Possible Complications

• Bleeding inside the body
• Kidney problems (in rare cases)

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:

• You develop symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, particularly if they last for more than a few days
• You have low urine output after an episode of Henoch-Schonlein purpura

References

Miller ML, Pachman LM. Vasculitis syndromes. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 166.

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