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Extraocular muscle function testing
Definition
Extraocular muscle function testing is an examination of the function of the eye muscles. A doctor observes the movement of the eyes in six specific directions.
Alternative Names
EOM; Extraocular movement; Ocular motility examination
How the Test is Performed
You are asked to sit or stand with your head erect and a forward gaze. Your health care provider will hold a pen or other object 12 inches in front of your face. He or she will then move the object in several directions and ask you to follow it with your eyes, without moving your head.
How to Prepare for the Test
No special preparation is necessary for this test.
How the Test Will Feel
The test involves only normal movement of the eyes.
Why the Test is Performed
This test is performed to evaluate any weakness or other problem in the extraocular muscles, which may result in double vision or rapid, uncontrolled eye movements.
Normal Results
Normal movement of the eyes in all directions.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Eye movement disorders may be due to abnormalities of the muscles themselves or problems in the sections of the brain that control these muscles. Your doctor will discuss any abnormalities identified.
Risks
There are no risks associated with this test.
Considerations
Slight nystagmus that stops quickly is normal with an extreme sideways gaze.
References
Baloh RW. Neuro-ophthalmology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 450.
Lavin PJM. Eye movement disorders: diplopia, nystagmus, and other ocular oscillations. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier; 2008:chap 16.
Reviewed By: David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
